Python

Tooling

• uv (https://github.com/astral-sh/uv)

  • An extremely fast Python package and project manager, written in Rust.

  • A single tool to replace pip, pip-tools, pipx, poetry, pyenv, twine, virtualenv, and more.

Syntax

Different types of methods

class Example:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def instance_method(self):
        print(f"Instance method, self.value = {self.value}")

    @classmethod
    def class_method(cls):
        print(f"Class method, cls = {cls.__name__}")

    @staticmethod
    def static_method():
        print("Static method (no self or cls)")

e = Example(42)
e.instance_method()   # Bound to instance
Example.class_method()  # Bound to class
Example.static_method()  # No binding

Type	Decorator	First Parameter	Used For
Instance	(none)	self	Behavior tied to object instance
Class Method	@classmethod	cls	Behavior tied to class (like factories)
Static Method	@staticmethod	none	Utility functions not tied to class/instance

Import

from pandas.calculator import Calculator as PandasCalculator
from scipy.calculator import Calculator as ScipyCalculator

• use import paths, not filenames (e.g. pandas.calculator) to avoid module name collisions

  • from X (X is actually a file name)

• use alias as X in case you have the same class names

__name__

my_project/
├── person.py
└── main.py

🔹 person.py

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name: str):
        self.name = name

    def greet(self):
        return f"Hi, I'm {self.name}"

# This block runs only if you execute person.py directly
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Running person.py directly")
    test_person = Person("Tester")
    print(test_person.greet())

🔹 main.py

from person import Person

def main():
    print("Running main.py")
    person = Person("Alice")
    print(person.greet())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

> python main.py

Output:

Running main.py
Hi, I'm Alice

> python person.py

Output:

Running person.py directly
Hi, I'm Tester

__init.py__